The utilization of renewable energy resources have been the most important & prospective field to seek new energy sources to meet up the increasing demand in power all over the world specially in a developing country like Nepal. Among the renewable resources, wind & solar being the most popular ones due to abundant, ease of accessibility and convertibility to the electricity. This paper presents the analysis and design of a hybrid solar system for household energy consumption generation for domestic purpose.<\/p>\n
A developing country is facing difficulty to achieve an overall sustained progress in the economy due to the lack of a sound energy security. Immense quantity of energy is needed for the development and economic progress of the country. In this context, alternatives of conventional energy sources, renewable energy resources can be the sustainable solution for the energy security. The current demand for energy considerably increasing that was close to exceed the provision and forecast determines that this projection are going to be enlarged additional in close to future. Within the case of the rising energy drawback in Nepal, renewable energy particularly solar energy will play a major role during this case. This paper presents the summary of the renewable energy resources in Nepal and also the proportion of solar energy financial feasibility. It will additionally provide the key points of obstacles to implement the use of solar energy in Nepal and moreover as government policies and future conceive to overcome this case. When considering all the matter, the solar energy in some regions is satisfactory to operate pumps and additionally for generation of electricity. In this paper, future prospect of solar energy in Nepal have been reviewed comprehensively and presented. This work compiles latest literatures in terms of journal articles, conference proceedings, web materials, reports, books, thesis, handbooks on energy and renewable energy resources in Nepal and other Asian countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, India etc.<\/p>\n
PV power plant is a sound financial investment benefits owners and lenders alike. Our technical due diligence for solar projects assesses all aspects, from design and components to construction and performance, detecting faults that impact the plant\u2019s bankability. All adhere to national and international standards when evaluating safety and quality, and our recommendations can help ensure high energy yield.<\/p>\n
Successful PV power plant projects require sufficient, appropriate funding, and investors and financial institutions in this sector need to be sure that their support goes to technically sound and profitable power plants. With thirty years in the field and unparalleled expertise, our technical due diligence (TDD) services can contribute to an accurate assessment of solar investment projects of all sizes. Those who work with both owners and lenders to promote safety and success in the PV industry. As an owner\u2019s engineer, they are contracted as an independent, third party by the plant owner to ensure that contractors and suppliers meet their obligations, schedules, and budgets, and that plants meet performance objectives. As a lender\u2019s technical engineer or independent technical advisor, our experts provide independent advisory services and technical due diligence reports for financing, analyses, testing and engineering services for solar consumption.
\nLeaders in the solar industry turn to us for TDD for many reasons: our international network of experts and state-of-the-art laboratories, comprehensive one-stop solutions and extensive experience in the field. They come back because of earned their trust.
\nEnergy, food, minerals, trained human resources, financial status and fresh water are the major components to develop a country whereas energy and fresh water are the two major and fundamental commodities to assure the better life quality of human beings. By understanding the position and significance of these resources and deliberate\/wise exploitation of them can change the face of the country and the livelihood of the people. Nepal is a landlocked country, with small span, surrounded three sides by India and one side by China. Within this small and beautiful setting it possesses diversity in biosphere, climate (arctic\/alpine to tropical) and landscape (lowland 72 m to highest peak 8848 m high above the sea level). It does not have its own coal and petroleum resources so farand has no access to the sea\/ocean. For the last six years till now fossil fuel prices have hiked an all time-high and the world is forced into its deepest recession since the Great Depression. Geopolitical events are driving prices steadily higher. The short\u2010term risks to political stability and economic activity posed by the world\u2019s dependence on fossil fuels are again as manifest as its long\u2010term threat to environmental sustainability. To break this dependency, all the countries in the world need a clean energy revolution. Such a revolution would enhance global energy security, promote long term economic growth and tackle environmental challenges such as anthropogenic climate change. Available literature tells that consumption of petroleum products in Nepal is increasing wonderfully at the rate of about 10 % per year (Source: NOC, 2011), so the information is not as fine as it should be. <\/p>\n
Solar radiation, one of the major fuel sources, occurs abundantly everywhere and also in Nepal. Surface incident solar radiation governs\/drives the atmospheric circulations, Earth’s climate and Earth’s biosphere naturally. It is also the originator of all other sources of energy that exists on the face of this earth. Even the most widely used energy resources today like fossil fuels, are an indirect result of trapped Sun’s energy over the time. It runs solar energy devices and generates electricity as one of the best clean and alternative energies. In the fiscal year 2008\/09 total energy consumption in Nepal was 410,000 TJ. The consumption coverage data provided by MOF shows 85% coverage by traditional resources (i.e., biomass energy resources), 14 % by commercial sources (petroleum products-9 %, coal-3 % and grid electricity- 2 %) and about 1% by alternative sources (biogas, solar power, wind and micro\/pic level hydropower) . The average global solar radiation in Nepal varies from 3.6-6.2 kWh\/m2 day, sun shines for about 300 days a year, the number of sunshine hours amounts almost 2100 hours per year and average insolation intensity about 4.7 kWhm-2 day-1 (=16.92 MJ\/m2 day) it is greater than 4.38kWh\/m2 day (15.8 MJ\/m2 day) measured by Lao PDR.<\/p>\n
Thus, Nepal lies in a favourable insolation zone in the world even though the data in Nepal was based on one year and few sites but that of Lao PDR was based on few years and throughout the country. So, a long term and many sites’ solar energy data are required to authenticate this statement. As to the above consideration the total energy generated through solar consumption is most reliable and cost effective for the economic growth and development in the country.Many studies have been conducted on sustainable low-cost housing, and they have mostly focused on energy-efficient technologies ranging from glazed windows to efficient heating systems. Exploration of renewable energy has yet to attain its fullest potential, and this paper focuses on adopting solar energy into low-cost homes in Nepal . The inclusion of solar energy to generate electricity will significantly benefit households. The excess energy produced by solar PVs can be fed into the grid with net energy metering to generate income for the households. The gap addressed in this paper is the adoption of solar PVs into sustainable low-cost housing plans to provide clean energy for homes. In countries such as Bangladesh and Pakistan, there is limited research on this topic. This study investigated the feasibility of integrating a solar PV system into low-cost housing in Nepal with a techno-economic assessment and recommendations for the optimal design. Finally, economic and financial analyses were performed for the optimized PV system in both locations.<\/p>\n
In addition to technological enhancement and research, several financial assistive schemes have been introduced nationwide to facilitate the expansion of renewable energy, particularly in the solar industry. The FiT scheme was introduced in Uganda in 2017. The Ugandan government obtained a mandate for FiT through the country’s 2007 Renewable Energy Policy. The FiT scheme acted as an incentive to improve the use of modern renewable energy technologies from 4% to 61% of the total energy consumption by 2017 (Meyer-Renschhausen, 2013). The Global Energy Transfer Feed-in Tariff (GET FiT) Uganda was established to aid East African countries in achieving climate-robust low-carbon development. This initiative aims to mitigate climate change, reduce poverty, and encourage growth in these countries. The implementation of this program aims to (1) encourage investment from private bodies in renewable energy by improving the Renewable Energy FiT system and its application, (2) aid the stabilization of Ugandan finances of the power sector by adding low-cost generation capacity, (3) enable the Ugandan government to achieve ambitious electrification targets, (4) increase the availability of long-term commercial finance for projects in Uganda that involve small-scale renewable energy projects, and (5) further diversify the energy mix in Uganda, thereby improving security of supply (GET FiT Uganda Home, 2021).<\/p>\n
Key words: Solar energy, renewable energy; sustainable development; energy policy, Integration, anthropogenic, farand, insolation.<\/p>\n
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Sabita Bhandari
\nAsst. Manager Rastriya Banijya Bank, Human Resource Department
\nPhD Scholar Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Thailand
\nDepartment of Sustainable Energy Management<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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